Read the Article, and Think out the Best English Post-Pause Expression. ( Note: This is one of our efforts that make this website more in line with the Taoist way of life, pure enjoyment without any utilitarian consideration from our secondary society. You-Sheng Li) From 1966 to 1976, China isolated herself from the world in order to concentrate all her energy on the so-called Great Cultural Revolution, a radical political campaign alien to the rest of the world. In 1970, the famous American writer and journalist, Edgar Snow (1905-1972) visited China again. His last visit was in 1964 before the …

You-Sheng Li, Canadian Academy of Independent Scholars When all human societies are divided into genetically coded primary and man-made secondary societies, only primary societies are based on human nature. Human nature can be defined as a series of basic desires and capacities with their peripheral potentials. (Li, 2005) With the capacity of heart beats, 50-90 beats per minute are basic while beats more or less than 50-90 per minute are peripheral potentials. The primary society does not have the power to force its members to live on their peripheral potentials while the secondary society does. It sheds considerable new light …

Written By You-Sheng Li ( June 2012) (1) Introduction In spite of vast differences between Western and Chinese cultural traditions, the history of their fiction writing as a distinctive art went along similar evolutionary pathways. Paul S. Ropp gives a detailed comparison of Western and Chinese fiction. [1] He says, “As fiction became more sophisticated and self-conscious in both cultures it also evolved from an earlier tendency to endorse wholeheartedly the society’s common values and moved instead to a more ironic stance that questioned or criticized the dominant values of the civilization… The most strikingly are the parallels from the …

By You-Sheng Li (September 2008, written for The Jaynesian Newsletter; edited 15/02/2009) Abstract: That the man-made secondary society is foreign to humans is once more illustrated by the phenomenon of bicameral minds, first described by Julian Jaynes. According to Jaynes, people with bicameral minds followed auditory hallucination, the divine voice, in response to an enlarged community from 9000 to 1000 BC, and subjective consciousness appeared around 1000 BC. Unlike the Mediterranean civilizations on which Jaynes’ theory is based, Chinese civilization started with genetically coded primary society and therefore, went through a different pathway in the evolution of human minds to …

You-Sheng Li The current election of the United States, George Bush versus John Kerry, is a tight race locked in a heated struggle for both sides. Through the whole campaign period, no side has ever come out as the decisive winner. The whole country was in a gloomy mood worrying about the possible result similar to last time when Bush won by 500 votes in the recount. I met many Americans who said, Bush was going to win by a little margin since the Democrats, unfortunately, did not come out with a better candidate. I wrote those sentences a few …

A Comparison of Confucius with Plato and Aristotle in Political Philosophy Summary: Modern political philosophy lists Plato and Aristotle as its ancient founders but not Confucius. In fact, Confucius was a professional politician while neither Plato nor Aristotle was. Confucius practiced and taught politics for his whole life. Confucius’ political philosophy is based on the genetically coded primary society while Western political philosophy including Plato’s and Aristotle’s are all based on the man-made secondary society. Confucius political philosophy is nothing but human-heartedness plus examples, which are set up by the ruling class for the people to follow and set up …